Emerging Trends in Antibiotic Use in Neonates: New or Not-so-New Drugs for New Bugs

Nosocomial sepsis is a major problem in neonatal intensive care units. Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics that once were very effective against sepsis. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are increasing in incidence owing to mutations in their genome or through plasmid encoded genes that confer resistance. This article looks at the problem of resistance and discusses newer resistant bacteria such as extended spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms as well as methicillin-resistant bacteria. Also reviewed are antibiotics now used to treat nosocomial infections such as carbapenems, linezolid, and vancomycin. Their mechanisms of action as well as side effects and benefits are discussed.

Keywords: Nosocomial sepsis, Carbapenems, Extended spectrum β-lactamases, NICU, Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotic use